基于RS和GIS的干旱区内陆河流域生态系统质量综合评价——以石羊河流域为例

石羊河流域是河西走廊东段重要生态区,也是用水矛盾最突出、生态环境问题最严重的地区之一,对其进行生态系统质量的评价,可为干旱区内陆河流域的生态保护工作提供借鉴.依据生态系统质量概念,以统计数据、遥感数据和土地覆被数据为基础,从生态系统的3方面(生产力、稳定性和承载力)构建评价指数,基于非参数Kruskal-Wallis卡方(χ²)检验和熵值法确定指标权重,结合RS、GIS和SPSS软件对2000、2005、2010和2015年石羊河流域不同生态系统类型的质量及各指数进行综合评价及变化分析.结果表明: 2000—2015年,石羊河流域生态系统质量均值为57.76,呈现显著下降趋势,年降幅为0.72,空间分布呈上游优于中游、中游优于下游的状态;生态系统生产能力、稳定性和承载力均值分别为67.52、45.37、58.53,生产能力和稳定性小幅上升,承载力逐渐下降.就各生态系统类型来看,森林生态系统质量最高,年均值为78.12,年降幅最小,为0.28;其次是草地、农田和城镇生态系统,年均值分别为62.45、58.76、50.29;湿地生态系统质量最低,年降幅最大,达0.98.     

Impact of anthropogenic disturbances on a diverse riverine fish assemblage in Fiji predicted by functional traits

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Key questions dominating contemporary ecological research and management concern interactions between biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and ecosystem services provision in the face of global change. This is particularly salient for freshwater biodiversity and in the context of river drying and flow‐regime change. Rivers that stop flowing and dry, herein intermittent rivers, are globally prevalent and dynamic ecosystems on which the body of research is expanding rapidly, consistent with the era of big data. However, the data encapsulated by this work remain largely fragmented, limiting our ability to answer the key questions beyond a case‐by‐case basis. To this end, the Intermittent River Biodiversity Analysis and Synthesis (IRBAS; http://irbas.cesab.org ) project has collated, analyzed, and synthesized data from across the world on the biodiversity and environmental characteristics of intermittent rivers. The IRBAS database integrates and provides free access to these data, contributing to the growing, and global, knowledge base on these ubiquitous and important river systems, for both theoretical and applied advancement. The IRBAS database currently houses over 2000 data samples collected from six countries across three continents, primarily describing aquatic invertebrate taxa inhabiting intermittent rivers during flowing hydrological phases. As such, there is room to expand the biogeographic and taxonomic coverage, for example, through addition of data collected during nonflowing and dry hydrological phases. We encourage contributions and provide guidance on how to contribute and access data. Ultimately, the IRBAS database serves as a portal, storage, standardization, and discovery tool, enabling collation, synthesis, and analysis of data to elucidate patterns in river biodiversity and guide management. Contribution creates high visibility for datasets, facilitating collaboration. The IRBAS database will grow in content as the study of intermittent rivers continues and data retrieval will allow for networking, meta‐analyses, and testing of generalizations across multiple systems, regions, and taxa.     

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